Essential Information
Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, is one of the most historically significant cities in the world. Founded in 762 AD by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur, it became a center of science, culture, and trade during the Islamic Golden Age. Despite its turbulent history, Baghdad remains a fascinating destination with ancient landmarks, rich traditions, and modern attractions.
- Location: Central Iraq, on the banks of the Tigris River
- Language: Arabic (English is spoken in some areas)
- Currency: Iraqi Dinar (IQD)
- Time Zone: Arabian Standard Time (AST, UTC+3)
- Climate: Hot desert climate with scorching summers and mild winters
- Best Time to Visit: Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer pleasant weather. Summers can be extremely hot, with temperatures exceeding 45°C (113°F).
Interesting Facts About Baghdad
- Once the Center of the World: During the Abbasid Caliphate (8th–13th centuries), Baghdad was one of the world’s most advanced cities, known for its House of Wisdom, a major intellectual hub.
- Tigris River Heritage: Baghdad is split by the Tigris River, with bridges connecting its two sides—Karkh (west) and Rusafa (east).
- Land of Stories: Many tales from One Thousand and One Nights are set in Baghdad, including Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Sinbad the Sailor.
- Al-Mutanabbi Street: This famous street is Baghdad’s cultural heart, filled with bookstores, poets, and intellectuals.
- War and Resilience: Baghdad has faced challenges from Mongol invasions (1258) to modern conflicts, yet it remains a symbol of endurance.
How to Get to Baghdad
By Air
- Baghdad International Airport (BGW) is the main gateway to the city, with flights from Dubai, Istanbul, Amman, Beirut, and Doha.
- From the airport, take a pre-arranged taxi or hotel shuttle. Public transport is limited.
By Land
- Travelers from Jordan, Turkey, and Iran can enter via land routes, but road travel requires security precautions.
Best Things to Do in Baghdad
1. Explore the Historic Al-Mustansiriya School
One of the oldest universities in the world, founded in 1233, this building showcases Islamic architecture and the intellectual history of Baghdad.
2. Visit the Iraq National Museum
A must-visit for history lovers! This museum holds priceless artifacts from Mesopotamian civilizations, including Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian relics.
3. Walk Along Al-Mutanabbi Street
A paradise for book lovers, this famous street is filled with bookstores, cultural cafés, and street poets. Best visited on Fridays when the market is bustling.
4. Admire the Al-Shaheed Monument (Martyr’s Monument)
A striking blue dome-shaped monument dedicated to Iraq’s war martyrs, offering panoramic views of the city.
5. Take a Boat Ride on the Tigris River
For a relaxing experience, enjoy a traditional boat ride along the river, offering beautiful sunset views of Baghdad.
Best Accommodation Options in Baghdad
Baghdad offers luxury hotels, mid-range options, and budget-friendly stays.
Luxury Hotels
- Baghdad Hotel – A five-star hotel with a pool, spa, and great dining options.
- Babylon Rotana Hotel – A modern hotel with luxurious rooms, security, and excellent service.
Mid-Range Hotels
- Rimal Hotel – Located in Karrada, it offers comfort and affordability.
- Inter Hotel – A good option for business travelers, offering modern amenities.
Budget-Friendly Options
- Coral Baghdad Hotel – Clean and safe, with friendly service.
- Local Guesthouses – These provide an authentic experience at a lower cost.
Cultural and Modern Attractions
1. Al-Kadhimiya Mosque
A sacred site in Shia Islam, housing the tomb of Imam Musa al-Kadhim. It features stunning golden domes and intricate calligraphy.
2. The Abbasid Palace
An architectural masterpiece from the Abbasid era (9th century), reflecting Baghdad’s rich historical legacy.
3. Firdos Square
Famous for the toppling of Saddam Hussein’s statue in 2003, this square remains a significant landmark.
4. Zawraa Park
A family-friendly urban park with a zoo, amusement rides, and gardens—great for relaxation.
Dining and Nightlife in Baghdad
Traditional Iraqi Dishes to Try
- Masgouf – Grilled river fish, a Baghdadi delicacy.
- Quzi (Koozi) – Slow-cooked lamb with rice, nuts, and spices.
- Baghdadi Kebab – Famous for its smoky, spiced flavor.
- Dolma – Stuffed grape leaves, peppers, and eggplants.
- Samoon Bread – A staple of Iraqi cuisine, best enjoyed fresh.
Best Restaurants in Baghdad
- Samad Restaurant – Known for traditional Iraqi dishes.
- Al-Safarat Restaurant – Serves delicious kebabs and grilled meat.
- Shanasheel – A high-end restaurant with Baghdadi ambiance.
Nightlife in Baghdad
While nightlife is not as lively as in other capitals, some cafés and tea houses remain open late:
- Shabandar Café – A historic tea house on Al-Mutanabbi Street.
- Baghdad Nights Café – A cozy place to enjoy live music and shisha.
Day Trips from Baghdad
1. Babylon (85 km South)
Visit the ruins of Babylon, home to King Nebuchadnezzar II and the Hanging Gardens (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World).
2. Ctesiphon (40 km Southeast)
See the majestic Taq Kasra, the largest single-span brick arch from the Sassanid Empire.
3. Karbala & Najaf (100-150 km South)
Important religious cities with historic mosques and shrines.
Getting Around Baghdad
- Taxis: Widely available; always negotiate fares in advance.
- Private Cars: Renting a car with a driver is the safest option for tourists.
- Buses & Shared Taxis: Available but can be unpredictable.
- Walking: Safe in central areas like Karrada and Al-Mutanabbi Street.
Practical Tips for Visiting Baghdad
- Security: Stay updated on safety conditions before traveling.
- Dress Modestly: Respect local customs, especially when visiting religious sites.
- Cash is King: Credit cards are not widely accepted; carry cash in Iraqi Dinars.
- Local Etiquette: Greetings are important; handshakes are common.
- Photography: Avoid taking photos of government buildings and military areas.
Conclusion
Baghdad is a city of history, culture, and resilience. From the ancient ruins of Babylon to the bustling streets of Al-Mutanabbi, it offers a blend of the old and the new. While travel requires planning and awareness, those who visit will discover a rich heritage, warm hospitality, and unforgettable experiences.
