Essential Information
Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, is known for its extravagant architecture, gleaming white marble buildings, and unique cultural heritage. The city offers a mix of Soviet-era history, ancient Silk Road influences, and modern extravagance, making it one of the most fascinating places to visit in Central Asia.
- Location: Southwestern Turkmenistan, near the border with Iran.
- Language: Turkmen is the official language, but Russian is widely spoken.
- Currency: Turkmenistan Manat (TMT).
- Best Time to Visit: March to May (spring) and September to November (autumn) offer the most comfortable weather for sightseeing.
- Visa Requirements: Most visitors need a Turkmen visa and an official invitation from a tour company.
Interesting Facts About Ashgabat
- Guinness World Record City: Ashgabat holds multiple Guinness World Records, including having the highest density of white marble buildings in the world.
- Extreme Climate: Ashgabat experiences some of the hottest summers in Central Asia, with temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F) in July.
- Golden Statues of the President: The city is filled with golden statues of Saparmurat Niyazov, the former president of Turkmenistan, also known as Turkmenbashi.
- Modern Meets Ancient: Ashgabat’s futuristic skyline contrasts with its ancient roots—the city is near the ruins of Nisa, a former capital of the Parthian Empire.
How to Get to Ashgabat
By Air
- The main gateway to Turkmenistan is Ashgabat International Airport (ASB).
- International flights connect Istanbul, Dubai, Moscow, Beijing, and Frankfurt with Ashgabat.
- Turkmenistan Airlines is the national carrier, but it has limited international routes.
By Land
- From Iran: The Bajgiran border crossing allows entry from Mashhad, Iran. Travelers need a valid Turkmen visa before arrival.
- From Uzbekistan: The Farap border crossing connects Bukhara (Uzbekistan) with Turkmenabat, from where you can take a domestic flight or train to Ashgabat.
Best Things to Do in Ashgabat
1. Explore Independence Square
The heart of Ashgabat, Independence Square, is surrounded by grandiose government buildings, golden statues, and impressive fountains. It’s the best place to admire the city’s modern architecture.
2. Visit the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque
This massive white marble mosque in Gypjak, just outside Ashgabat, is the largest in Central Asia.
3. Discover Ancient Nisa
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the ruins of Nisa date back to the 3rd century BC and were once the capital of the Parthian Empire. It’s a must-visit for history lovers.
4. Ride the Ashgabat Ferris Wheel
This Guinness World Record-holding Ferris wheel is the largest enclosed Ferris wheel in the world and offers panoramic views of the city.
5. Explore the National Museum of Turkmenistan
A treasure trove of archaeological artifacts, ancient manuscripts, and cultural relics, this museum provides a deep dive into the country’s history.
6. Walk Around the Monument of Neutrality
One of Ashgabat’s most famous landmarks, this giant rotating golden statue of Turkmenbashi was once located in the city center before being relocated outside the city.
7. Shop at the Tolkuchka Bazaar
A bustling traditional market where you can buy Turkmen carpets, jewelry, spices, and local handicrafts. It’s a great place to experience local culture.
Best Accommodation Options in Ashgabat
Luxury Hotels
- Oguzkent Hotel – A 5-star hotel with modern amenities, fine dining, and luxurious rooms.
- Yyldyz Hotel – An ultra-modern skyscraper hotel with breathtaking views of the city.
Mid-Range Hotels
- Grand Turkmen Hotel – Offers a blend of Soviet-era charm and modern facilities.
- Nusay Hotel – A comfortable and centrally located hotel with good service.
Budget Hotels & Guesthouses
- Budget accommodations are limited, but some smaller guesthouses and homestays are available.
Cultural and Modern Attractions
1. Alem Entertainment Center
This futuristic complex houses an amusement park, shopping mall, and entertainment venues.
2. Wedding Palace
A unique diamond-shaped building where Turkmen weddings are held. While you can’t go inside, it’s worth visiting for its architecture.
3. Earthquake Memorial
Commemorating the 1948 earthquake that devastated Ashgabat, this solemn monument features a sculpture of a bull holding up a collapsing city.
Dining and Nightlife in Ashgabat
Best Restaurants
- Altyn Karakum – Famous for Turkmen-style kebabs, plov, and lamb dishes.
- Şazlyk – A popular spot for grilled meats and traditional Central Asian cuisine.
- Bahar Restaurant – Serves a mix of Turkmen, Turkish, and Russian dishes.
Nightlife in Ashgabat
- Berk Bar – One of the few expat-friendly bars in the city.
- Sky Bar – Located in the Yyldyz Hotel, offering panoramic city views.
Day Trips from Ashgabat
1. Darvaza Gas Crater (“Gates of Hell”)
- Distance: 3.5-hour drive north of Ashgabat.
- This burning natural gas crater in the Karakum Desert is one of Turkmenistan’s most iconic landmarks.
2. Kow Ata Underground Lake
- Distance: 1.5-hour drive from Ashgabat.
- A warm subterranean lake in a limestone cave, great for swimming.
3. Merv Ancient City
- Distance: 5-hour drive from Ashgabat.
- A historic Silk Road city and UNESCO World Heritage Site with ancient ruins.
Getting Around Ashgabat
- Taxis: The most convenient way to get around. Always agree on a price beforehand.
- Buses: Affordable but can be confusing for tourists.
- Walking: Many attractions are located close to each other, making walking a great option.
Practical Tips for Visiting Ashgabat
- Photography Restrictions: Avoid taking photos of government buildings and officials.
- Dress Modestly: While not as strict as other Central Asian countries, conservative clothing is recommended.
- Internet Access is Limited: Many sites (e.g., social media) are blocked, so download a VPN before traveling.
- Follow Local Laws: Turkmenistan has strict regulations, so be respectful of local customs and laws.
Conclusion
Ashgabat is a one-of-a-kind city, offering a mix of futuristic architecture, rich history, and unique cultural experiences. From the white marble streets to the ancient ruins of Nisa, this destination is a must-visit for those looking for an off-the-beaten-path adventure in Central Asia.
