Everything You Need To Know For Cyprus
Geographical Position and Climate of Cyprus
Cyprus is an island nation located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, at the crossroads of three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is positioned geographically to the south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.
Cyprus boasts a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The island enjoys more than 300 days of sunshine per year, making it an attractive destination for sun-seekers.
Brief History of Cyprus
Cyprus, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, has a history marked by various dominations due to its strategic location. Inhabited since the Neolithic period, it became an important hub for copper trade during the Bronze Age. Influenced by Greeks and Phoenicians, it saw the rise of city-kingdoms in ancient times.
Under Roman rule from 58 BC, Cyprus later became part of the Byzantine Empire. The medieval era brought control by the French Lusignan dynasty and then the Venetians. The Ottoman Empire conquered the island in 1571, ruling until the British took administrative control in 1878, eventually annexing Cyprus into the British Empire in 1914.
Cyprus gained independence in 1960 but experienced intercommunal conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. This led to a Turkish invasion in 1974 after a Greek-inspired coup, resulting in the island’s division into the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus in the south and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the north, recognized only by Turkey. The island remains divided to this day.
Religion
The main religion on the island is Orthodox Christianity, but in the north where the Turkish part is the population are Muslims.
Language
There are 2 official languages – Greek and Turkish. Turkish is spoken in the north where the Turks are settled and Greek in the rest of the country. English, German and French are spoken at most tourist destinations.
Cyprus is a popular tourist destination known for its stunning Mediterranean beaches, historical sites, and year-round sunny climate. Visitors are drawn to its rich cultural heritage, which includes ancient ruins such as the Tombs of the Kings and the mosaics in Paphos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Troodos Mountains offer scenic hiking trails and Byzantine monasteries, while the coastal cities of Limassol, Larnaca, and Ayia Napa are famous for their vibrant nightlife, water sports, and family-friendly activities.
Places You Must Visit In Cyprus
Before You Visit Cyprus
Travel to Cyprus
By Air
- Main Airports: The island has two main international airports: Larnaca International Airport and Paphos International Airport. Ercan International Airport serves the northern part of the island but is only recognized by Turkey.
- Airlines: Numerous airlines operate flights to Cyprus from various destinations in Europe, the Middle East, and beyond.
- Connections: While there are many direct flights, connecting flights through major hubs can also be used to reach Cyprus.
By Sea
- Cruise Ships: Cyprus is a stop for cruise ships sailing the Mediterranean.
- Ferries: There are occasional ferry services connecting Cyprus with neighboring countries such as Greece and Turkey, though these routes may not always be operational.
Visas for Cyprus
Visitors to Cyprus must adhere to the visa requirements which vary depending on nationality, purpose of visit, and length of stay:
EU and EEA Nationals
- Citizens of European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries do not require a visa for any length of stay and can enter with a valid identity card or passport.
Non-EU Nationals
- Many non-EU nationals can enter Cyprus without a visa for short stays (up to 90 days in a 180-day period) for tourism, family visits, or business. This includes citizens from countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
- Nationals from countries that do not have a visa waiver agreement with Cyprus will need to apply for a short-stay visa before traveling.
- For longer stays or purposes such as work or study, a national visa or residence permit is required.
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)
- The TRNC has separate entry regulations and is only accessible via Turkey. A visa is not required for short visits, but this does not provide entry to the Republic of Cyprus-controlled south.
Best time to visit Cyprus
The best time to visit Cyprus largely depends on your preferences for weather and activities:
Spring (March to May)
- Ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
- The weather is pleasant, with moderate temperatures and low rainfall.
- The countryside is lush and covered in wildflowers.
Summer (June to August)
- Perfect for beach-goers and sun-seekers.
- High temperatures, especially inland, but coastal areas are cooled by sea breezes.
- It’s the peak tourist season, so expect larger crowds and higher prices.
Autumn (September to November)
- Similar to spring, with warm sea temperatures extending swimming opportunities.
- Fewer tourists than summer, making it a good time for a quieter holiday.
- Mild weather that is great for hiking and exploring.
Winter (December to February)
- The mildest time of year, suitable for those who prefer cooler temperatures.
- Some rain, but still plenty of sunny days.
- Ideal for cultural trips and exploring archaeological sites without the heat or crowds.
Important Information
Capital – Nicosia
Territory – 9,251 km2
Currency – Euro
Time Zone – UTC+2 (EET) / UTC+3 (EEST)
Population – 1,244,188
Demonym – Cypriot