Everything You Need To Know For Greece
Geographical Position And Climate Of Greece
Greece is situated in Southeastern Europe, at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. It has a strategic position at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Bordered by Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast, Greece boasts a large coastline due to its numerous islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas, of which Crete, Rhodes, and Corfu are the most well-known.
The majority of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,917 meters (9,570 feet) above sea level. Greek terrain is diverse, ranging from lush forests in the Epirus and Macedonia regions to rocky hills and sunny beaches on the islands.
The climate in Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Coastal areas and islands experience mild winters with temperatures rarely falling below freezing, while summers are typically warm to hot and quite sunny. The mountainous regions of Greece have a more alpine climate, with significant snowfall during the winter months. In contrast, the lowlands display characteristics typical of the Mediterranean climate.
Brief History Of Greece
The history of Greece can be traced back to the Bronze Age, with the Minoan civilization on Crete and later the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland. Following the mysterious collapse of these societies, the Greek Dark Ages ensued. The Archaic Period saw the rise of city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta. This era was followed by the Classical Period, marked by significant achievements in politics, philosophy, art, and science. It was during this time that figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations of Western philosophy.
After the death of Alexander the Great, who expanded Greek culture eastward in the Hellenistic Period, Greece eventually came under Roman rule. Despite being a province of Rome and later the Byzantine Empire, Greek culture and language remained influential throughout the eastern Mediterranean.
Following the division of the Roman Empire, Greece became part of the Byzantine Empire until it was gradually conquered by the Ottoman Turks starting in the 15th century. Under Ottoman rule, Greeks maintained their language and distinct cultural identity.
The modern state of Greece emerged after a successful war of independence against the Ottomans in the early 19th century. The country underwent territorial expansions, wars, and political changes throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, including the Balkan Wars, World War I, the Asia Minor Catastrophe, World War II, and a civil war.
In the latter half of the 20th century, Greece experienced military dictatorship and political turmoil but eventually transitioned to a stable democratic government. Greece joined the European Union in 1981 and adopted the euro as its currency in 2001. The early 21st century was marked by economic challenges, but Greece remains a vital part of the European community and continues to contribute to global culture, politics, and the economy.
Religion Of Greece
Almost the entire population of Greece professes Orthodox Christianity. There are small Roman Catholic, Muslim and Jewish minorities.
Language Of Greece
Greek is the country’s official language. Most young people in the country speak a second language (English, Italian or French).
Greece is a top-tier tourist destination known for its stunning landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. The country attracts millions of visitors each year who come to explore its ancient ruins, sunbathe on idyllic beaches, and enjoy the local cuisine.
Places You Must Visit In Greece
Before You Visit Greece
Travel to Greece
Greece is well-connected and accessible from virtually any part of the world, making it a convenient destination for international travelers.
By Air
The primary gateway to Greece is by air, with Athens International Airport (Eleftherios Venizelos) serving as the main hub for international and domestic flights. Other major airports that receive a significant number of flights include Thessaloniki, Heraklion on Crete, and Rhodes. During the tourist season, many islands have direct charter flights from various European cities.
By Sea
Given its extensive coastline and numerous islands, traveling to Greece by sea is also popular. Major ports like Piraeus in Athens, Patras on the Peloponnese, and Heraklion on Crete are served by ferries and cruise ships from other parts of Europe, particularly Italy and Turkey.
By Land
For those coming from neighboring countries, entering Greece by land is possible through several border crossings with Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey. International bus services and rail connections are available, although train services might be less frequent and slower than buses or car travel.
By Car
Traveling to Greece by car can be an adventure, offering the flexibility to explore the country at your own pace. The road network connects major cities and tourist destinations, but be prepared for tolls on highways and varying road conditions in rural areas.
Domestic Travel
Once in Greece, domestic flights, ferries, buses, and trains provide good options for getting around, especially to the islands. Renting a car or scooter is also popular among tourists for greater freedom and the ability to visit more secluded areas.
Visas for Greece
Greece is part of the European Union and the Schengen Area, which has specific visa requirements for travelers wishing to visit.
Schengen Visa
Non-EU citizens who are subject to visa requirements must obtain a Schengen visa for short stays (up to 90 days within a 180-day period) for tourism, business, or family visits. This visa allows travel across all Schengen member countries without the need for additional visas.
Visa Exemptions
Citizens from certain countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, and Brazil, do not require a visa for short stays in Greece and the Schengen Area.
Long-Stay Visas and Residence Permits
For stays longer than 90 days, a national long-stay visa or residence permit is required. This applies to those who wish to work, study, or live in Greece.
Best time to visit Greece
The best time to visit Greece depends on your preferences for weather, crowd sizes, and the type of experience you’re looking for. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect throughout the year:
Peak Season (July to August)
- Hot and sunny weather, perfect for beachgoers and island-hopping.
- The most crowded period, especially on popular islands and tourist spots.
- Ideal for vibrant nightlife and social activities.
- Higher prices due to increased demand.
Shoulder Season (May to June and September to October)
- Warm and pleasant weather with fewer crowds.
- Ideal for outdoor activities like hiking and sightseeing.
- The sea remains warm enough for swimming, especially in early fall.
- Accommodation and flights may be more affordable than in peak season.
Off-Peak Season (November to April)
- Cooler temperatures and occasional rain, particularly from December to February.
- Fewer tourists, providing a more authentic experience of local life.
- Some islands and resorts may have limited services as many businesses close for the winter.
- Lower prices and better deals on accommodation and flights.
- Christmas and Easter offer unique cultural experiences with traditional celebrations.
Important Information
Capital – Athens
Territory – 131,957 km2
Currency – Euro
Time zone – UTC+2 (EET) / UTC+3 (EEST)
Population – 10,413,982
Demonym – Greek