Everything You Need To Know For Iceland
Geographical Position And Climate Of Iceland
Iceland is an island nation located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is situated just south of the Arctic Circle and about 850 kilometers to the northwest of Scotland and 4,200 kilometers from New York City. Despite its proximity to the Arctic, its coast is warmed by the Gulf Stream, providing a temperate climate relative to its latitude.
The climate in Iceland is classified as subarctic or cold oceanic, depending on the part of the island. Due to maritime influence and the Gulf Stream, the weather is known for its variability and can change suddenly. The daylight hours also vary greatly; during the summer solstice, there are nearly 24 hours of daylight, while in the winter solstice, there are only around 4-5 hours of daylight.
Brief History Of Iceland
Iceland’s history began when Norse settlers, mainly from Norway, arrived on the island in the late 9th century. The most famous of these settlers was Ingólfur Arnarson, who is considered to have founded Reykjavík, the capital city, around 874 AD.
In 930 AD, the settlers established the Althing, one of the world’s oldest parliamentary institutions, at Þingvellir. For centuries, Iceland was a commonwealth, with chieftains (goðar) overseeing their districts.
The country came under Norwegian rule in the 13th century and then passed to Danish control through the Kalmar Union in 1397. Despite being under foreign rule, Iceland maintained some autonomy, especially regarding its language and cultural practices.
In the early 19th century, a nationalistic movement gained momentum, leading to increased calls for independence. This culminated in the 20th century when Iceland gradually obtained sovereignty, first becoming a kingdom in personal union with Denmark in 1918.
Finally, during World War II, after the German occupation of Denmark, Iceland moved to become an independent republic. On June 17, 1944, the Republic of Iceland was formally established.
Since independence, Iceland has developed rapidly, becoming one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. It is known for its robust welfare system, progressive social policies, and strong commitment to democracy and human rights.
Religion
A very large part of the population professes Lutheranism, and there are people who profess other kinds of Christianity. A portion of the population of Iceland also adheres to traditional Scandinavian religion.
Language
The official language is Icelandic. Danish and English are also widely spoken in the country.
Iceland has become a premier destination for travelers seeking stunning natural landscapes, unique geological features, and a rich cultural heritage. Tourism in Iceland offers an array of experiences: natural wonders, Northern Lights, outdoor activities and cultural attractions.
Places You Must Visit In Iceland
- Reykjavik
- Jökulsárlón
- Thingvellir National Park
- Snaefellsjokull national park
- Vatnajökull National Park
- Gullfoss
- Black sand beaches
Before You Visit Iceland
Travel to Iceland
By Air
- Keflavík International Airport (KEF): The primary international gateway for travelers flying into Iceland. It’s located about 50 kilometers southwest of the capital city, Reykjavik.
Airlines That Fly to Iceland
- Icelandair: Offers year-round service to several North American and European cities.
- WOW air (no longer operational; as of my knowledge cutoff in early 2023, please check current status before planning your trip)
- Other international airlines including Delta, United, British Airways, and more.
Regional Airports
- Akureyri (AEY) and Egilsstaðir (EGS): Provide services to Greenland and the Faroe Islands, along with domestic flights within Iceland.
By Sea
Iceland is also reachable by sea, with various cruise lines including Iceland in their itineraries, especially during the summer months. The main ports are:
- Reykjavik Harbor: For smaller cruise ships and private vessels.
- Sundahöfn: Larger cargo ships and cruise liners.
- Akranes and Seyðisfjörður: Alternative ports, sometimes used by ferries from Europe.
Ferry Services
- Smyril Line: Operates a ferry from Hirtshals in Denmark to Seyðisfjörður in Iceland, stopping at the Faroe Islands.
Visas for Iceland
If you’re planning to visit Iceland, it’s important to know whether you need a visa and what kind of visa is appropriate for your stay.
Types of Visas for Iceland:
- Tourist Visa: For individuals who wish to visit Iceland for tourism.
- Business Visa: For those who are visiting Iceland for business-related activities.
- Student Visa: For students intending to study in Iceland.
- Work Visa: For people who have received an offer of employment from an Icelandic company.
- Transit Visa: For travelers passing through Iceland en route to another destination.
Important Notes:
- Citizens of Schengen Area countries do not require a visa for stays up to 90 days.
- Visitors from countries with a visa-waiver agreement with Iceland can also stay for up to 90 days without a visa.
- The visa process can differ based on the applicant’s nationality and purpose of visit, so it’s advisable to check with the nearest Icelandic embassy or consulate.
Best time to visit Iceland
The best time to visit Iceland depends on what you want to see and do. Here’s a seasonal guide to help you plan:
Summer (June to August)
- Midnight Sun: Enjoy nearly 24 hours of daylight, especially in June.
- Warm Weather: The warmest months with temperatures around 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F).
- Outdoor Activities: Ideal for hiking, whale watching, and exploring the highlands.
Shoulder Seasons (May & September)
- Fewer Crowds: Less tourist traffic than peak summer months.
- Mild Weather: Cooler than summer but still pleasant for outdoor activities.
- Northern Lights: Starting from late September, there’s a chance to see the Aurora Borealis.
Winter (November to March)
- Northern Lights: The dark skies offer a great backdrop for aurora viewing.
- Winter Wonderland: Snow-covered landscapes perfect for winter sports and hot spring visits.
- Christmas Festivities: Experience traditional Icelandic Christmas and New Year celebrations.
Spring (April to May)
- Transition Season: Fewer tourists and a mix of winter and summer attractions.
- Bird Watching: A great time for bird enthusiasts as migratory birds return to Iceland.
Important Information
Capital – Reykjavik
Territory – 103,125 km2
Currency – Icelandic krona
Time zone – UTC
Population – 376,248
Demonym – Icelander