Indonesia - Travel Guide - Places to visit & Tourist Info

Geographical position and Climate of Indonesia

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia, lying between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is situated along the equator and is spread out over a chain of thousands of islands, including major islands such as Sumatra, Java, Borneo (shared with Brunei and Malaysia), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea). The country straddles the boundary of the Eurasian and Australian tectonic plates, which makes it a region with high volcanic activity and frequent earthquakes.

Indonesia has a tropical climate, characterized by two main seasons:

Rainy Season: Typically occurs from November to March, influenced by the northwest monsoon.
Dry Season: Usually spans from April to October, affected by the southeast monsoon.

Due to its equatorial location, Indonesia experiences relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year, with coastal plains averaging 28°C (82°F), inland and mountain areas averaging 26°C (79°F), and higher mountain regions, 23°C (73°F). Humidity levels are generally high, often reaching 70-90%.

The climate can vary significantly from one region to another due to the country’s vast size and the diversity of its topography. For instance, the highlands and mountainous regions tend to be cooler, while the lowland areas are warmer. Additionally, some parts of Indonesia, such as the eastern region, experience a more arid climate compared to the typically humid conditions in other areas.

Brief History of Indonesia

Indonesia’s history is a tapestry of diverse cultures and influences. The archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, with various kingdoms and sultanates flourishing over the centuries, including the Buddhist Srivijaya empire and the Hindu Majapahit empire.

The arrival of European powers began in the early 16th century with the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch, who eventually established the Dutch East Indies as a colonial state. Indonesia’s struggle for independence was ignited during World War II when the Japanese occupied the islands. After the war, under the leadership of figures like Sukarno and Hatta, Indonesia declared its independence on August 17, 1945.

Following years of diplomatic negotiations and armed resistance, sovereignty was officially transferred from the Netherlands to the Republic of Indonesia on December 27, 1949. The post-independence period was marked by political turmoil, regional rebellions, and a change to authoritarian rule under Suharto’s New Order regime, which lasted until his resignation in 1998. The Reformasi (Reformation) era that followed ushered in significant political, economic, and social changes, including the transition to democracy and the decentralization of power. Today, Indonesia is the world’s third-largest democracy and continues to evolve economically, politically, and culturally.

Religion of Indonesia

Indonesia is known for its religious diversity, but it is predominantly Muslim, with Islam being the largest religion in the country. Approximately 87% of Indonesians identify as Muslims, making Indonesia the country with the largest Muslim population in the world.

The Indonesian constitution guarantees freedom of religion, and the government officially recognizes six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Each of these religious communities has a significant presence.

Language of Indonesia

The official language of Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia, commonly referred to simply as Indonesian.

Indonesia is home to hundreds of local languages and dialects, with Javanese being the most widely spoken among them, especially on the island of Java where it is used by a large portion of the population. Other significant regional languages include Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Balinese, and many others.

Places to visit in Indonesia

Before you visit Indonesia

Travel to Indonesia

Getting to Indonesia is relatively straightforward, given its status as a popular tourist destination and its importance in international business. Here are the common ways to reach Indonesia:

By Air

International Flights: The primary entry point by air is through Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, which serves numerous international flights from around the world. Other major international airports include Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali, Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, and Kualanamu International Airport in Medan.
Regional Flights: There are also direct flights to various Indonesian cities from other countries in Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, Australia, and some European countries.

By Sea

Ferries: For those traveling from neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, or the Philippines, ferries can be a convenient option. Regular ferry services connect Indonesian islands with these countries.
Cruise Ships: Indonesia is a common stop for cruise ships touring Southeast Asia, with ports of call including Bali, Jakarta, and Komodo Island.

With car or bus

Border Crossings: There are official land border crossings between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and between Indonesia and East Timor on the island of Timor.

Visas for Indonesia

Indonesia offers several types of visas for travelers, depending on the purpose and duration of their visit. Here are the common visa options:

Visa Exemption

Short Stay: Nationals from more than 160 countries can enter Indonesia without a visa for short visits of up to 30 days for tourism, family visits, social purposes, art and cultural activities, government duties, giving lectures or attending seminars, attending international exhibitions, meetings held by head office or representatives in Indonesia, or transit.

Visa on Arrival (VoA)

Eligibility: Citizens of certain countries can obtain a Visa on Arrival for a fee at designated entry points.
Duration: The VoA is typically valid for 30 days and can be extended once for another 30 days without leaving the country.
Purpose: It is intended for tourism, family visits, social purposes, art and cultural activities, government duties, giving lectures or attending seminars, attending international exhibitions, meetings held by head office or representatives in Indonesia, or transit.

Visit Visa

Single Entry: This visa is suitable for those who plan to stay longer than 30 days for tourism, family, social, cultural, business purposes, or governmental visits.
Multiple Entry: A multiple-entry visa allows visitors to come and go from Indonesia over a period, typically one year, but each stay must not exceed 60 days.

Limited Stay Visa (KITAS)

Long-Term Stay: For stays longer than 60 days, such as for work, research, or family reunification, a Limited Stay Visa (KITAS) is required.
Work Permit: Expatriates planning to work in Indonesia must obtain a work permit in addition to the KITAS.

Diplomatic and Service Visa

Official Purposes: These visas are for individuals holding diplomatic or service passports traveling to Indonesia for official purposes.

Other Visas

Retirement Visa: Available for retirees from certain countries who wish to spend their retirement in Indonesia.
Social/Cultural Visit Visa: For those participating in social or cultural exchange programs.

General Requirements

Passport with at least 6 months validity from the date of entry.
Return ticket or onward journey ticket.
Proof of sufficient funds for the duration of stay.

Application Process

Visa applications can be made at Indonesian embassies or consulates abroad. The process typically involves submitting a completed application form, passport-sized photographs, and other relevant documents.

It’s important to note that visa regulations can change. It’s advisable to check the latest information from the nearest Indonesian embassy or consulate or their official immigration website before making travel plans.

Best time to visit Indonesia

The best time to visit Indonesia largely depends on the weather patterns and what you plan to do during your visit. Here’s a general guide:

Dry Season (May to September)

Advantages: This is generally considered the best time to visit most parts of Indonesia. The weather is drier and less humid, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as trekking, sightseeing, and beach holidays.
Popular Destinations: Bali, Lombok, the Gili Islands, and Komodo National Park are particularly enjoyable during these months.

Shoulder Season (April and October)

Advantages: These months mark the transition between the wet and dry seasons. You can enjoy fewer crowds and lower prices while still having relatively good weather.
Considerations: Occasional rain showers can still occur, but they are typically short-lived.

Wet Season (November to March)

Advantages: The wet season is a good time for those interested in lush landscapes and waterfalls at their fullest. It’s also the best time for surfing on the west coast of Sumatra and Java.
Destinations to Consider: The Maluku Islands and Papua usually have less rain during this period compared to the rest of Indonesia.

Regional Considerations

Eastern Indonesia: Places like the Maluku Islands and Raja Ampat have a slightly different rainy season, typically from June to September, so plan accordingly if these destinations are on your itinerary.

When planning your trip, consider local events and festivals that you might want to experience, such as Ramadan, which can affect the opening hours of businesses and tourist attractions. Always check the current weather conditions and forecasts for your specific destinations, as Indonesia’s climate can vary greatly from one region to another.

Important Information

Capital – Jakarta

Largest City – Jakarta

Currency – Indonesia rupiah (IDR)

Time Zone – UTC+7 to +9

Population – 280.725.438

Demonym – Indonesian