Geographical Position and Climate of Jordan
Jordan is located in the Middle East, bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, Israel and Palestine to the west, and the Red Sea to the southwest. Its capital city is Amman.
The climate in Jordan varies across regions. The western part experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The eastern and southern regions are mostly desert, characterized by arid conditions with extreme temperatures, hot summers, and cold winters. Rainfall is scarce, mainly occurring between November and March.
Brief History of Jordan
Jordan, officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, has a rich history that dates back to ancient times. It was home to several ancient civilizations, including the Nabataeans, who built the famous city of Petra. The region was later part of the Roman Empire and witnessed the spread of Christianity.
During the 7th century, Jordan became part of the Islamic Caliphate. It was later ruled by various Islamic dynasties, including the Umayyads and Abbasids. In the early 16th century, the Ottoman Empire took control and ruled the area for several centuries.
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and the region came under British control. In 1921, the Emirate of Transjordan was established under British mandate, with Abdullah I as its ruler. Jordan gained full independence in 1946 and became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Throughout the 20th century, Jordan played a significant role in regional politics, including the Arab-Israeli conflict. Today, it is known for its stability in a volatile region and continues to be a key player in Middle Eastern affairs.
Religion
Jordan is predominantly a Muslim country, with Islam being the official religion. The majority of Jordanians are Sunni Muslims. There is also a small Christian minority, mainly consisting of Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholics. The country is known for its religious tolerance, allowing various religious communities to practice their faith freely.
Language
The official language of Jordan is Arabic. It is widely spoken throughout the country and used in government, media, and education. English is also commonly used, especially in business and tourism, and is taught in schools as a second language.
Places to visit in Jordan
Before you visit Jordan
Travel to Jordan
1. By Air
The most common way to reach Jordan is by flying into Queen Alia International Airport in Amman. It is well-connected with major cities worldwide.
2. By Land
You can drive or take a bus from neighboring countries like Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Border crossings include King Hussein Bridge, Sheikh Hussein Bridge, and Wadi Araba Crossing.
3. By Sea
Ferries operate between Aqaba in Jordan and Nuweiba in Egypt, offering a scenic route across the Red Sea.
4. By Train
While not a primary option, there are limited train services from neighboring countries, though they are not as popular or frequent.
Visas for Jordan
Visa on Arrival
- Citizens from many countries can obtain a visa on arrival at Queen Alia International Airport and other entry points. This visa is typically valid for 30 days.
Visa-Free Entry
- Nationals from certain countries, such as Lebanon and Turkey, can enter Jordan without a visa for a limited period.
E-Visa
- Travelers can apply for an e-visa online before their trip. This option is convenient and allows for a smoother entry process.
Embassy Visa
- Some nationalities need to apply for a visa at a Jordanian embassy or consulate before traveling. It’s important to check specific requirements based on your nationality.
Jordan Pass
- The Jordan Pass is a great option for tourists. It includes visa fee waivers and entry to over 40 attractions, including Petra and Wadi Rum, if you stay for at least three nights.
Always check the latest visa requirements and travel advisories before planning your trip, as policies can change.
Best time to visit Jordan
The best time to visit Jordan is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November). During these months, the weather is mild and pleasant, making it ideal for exploring outdoor attractions like Petra, Wadi Rum, and the Dead Sea. Spring brings blooming wildflowers, adding color to the landscapes, while fall offers comfortable temperatures without the summer heat. Avoid the peak summer months (June to August) when temperatures can soar, especially in desert areas. Winter (December to February) can be chilly, particularly in Amman and the northern regions.
Important Information
Capital – Amman
Territory – 89,342 km2
Currency – Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Time Zone – UTC+3
Population – 11,484,805
Demonym – Jordanian