Visit Myanmar - Tourism - Places to visit & Best time to go

Geographical position and Climate of Myanmar

Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, is located in Southeast Asia and is bordered by five countries: Bangladesh to the west, India to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the southeast. To its south, it has a long coastline along the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The country spans over 676,578 square kilometers, making it the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia.

The climate can also vary significantly depending on the region and altitude. For instance, the central area known as the “Dry Zone” receives less rainfall, while the northern highlands experience cooler temperatures year-round. Coastal regions are typically more humid and receive more rainfall than inland areas.

Brief history of Myanmar

Myanmar, also known as Burma, has a rich and complex history. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, but it was during the 9th century that the Kingdom of Pagan emerged, laying the foundation for the modern Burmese nation. This era saw the proliferation of Buddhism and the construction of thousands of stupas and temples.

The Pagan Empire eventually fell to Mongol invasions in the 13th century, leading to a period of fragmentation. Several smaller kingdoms rose and fell until the Taungoo Dynasty unified the regions in the 16th century, followed by the Konbaung Dynasty in the 18th century.

The British East India Company began to encroach on Burmese territory, leading to three Anglo-Burmese Wars and the eventual annexation of Burma into British India in the 19th century. Colonial rule brought economic exploitation, social changes, and the introduction of Indian labor, which led to ethnic tensions.

The struggle for independence was marked by the rise of national heroes like Aung San. World War II saw Burma occupied by Japan before being recaptured by the Allies. Finally, in 1948, Myanmar gained independence from British rule.

Post-independence, the country experienced a brief democratic period before a coup d’état led by General Ne Win in 1962 ushered in decades of military rule. During this time, Myanmar became one of the world’s most isolated and impoverished countries.

In 1988, nationwide protests were met with violent suppression, but they also led to the house arrest of pro-democracy activist Aung San Suu Kyi. The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw a gradual move towards liberalization, culminating in historic elections in 2015.

However, the political situation remains complex, with ongoing ethnic conflicts and international concern over human rights issues, including the treatment of the Rohingya Muslim minority. In February 2021, a military coup d’état occurred, leading to widespread protests and an uncertain future for Myanmar’s path to democracy.

Religion of Myanmar

The predominant religion in Myanmar is Buddhism, with the vast majority of the population practicing Theravada Buddhism. This form of Buddhism influences many aspects of Burmese culture, from festivals to daily routines. There are also minorities of Christians (both Protestant and Catholic), Muslims, Hindus, and animists within the country. Religious tolerance is part of the nation’s fabric, although there have been tensions and conflicts, notably involving the Muslim Rohingya minority. Traditional beliefs, such as the worship of nats (spirit gods), are also woven into the religious practices of many Burmese Buddhists.

Language of Myanmar

The official language of Myanmar is Burmese, which is spoken by the majority of the population as a first language and serves as the lingua franca of the country. Burmese belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family and is written in the Burmese script. There are also numerous ethnic languages spoken across Myanmar, reflecting the country’s rich cultural diversity. These include Shan, Karen, Kachin, Chin, and Mon, among others. While Burmese is the dominant language for education and government, efforts have been made to recognize and preserve the various indigenous languages throughout the nation.

Places to visit in Myanmar

Before you visit Myanmar

Travel to Myanmar

By Air

International Airports: The primary gateway is Yangon International Airport (RGN). Other international airports include Mandalay International Airport (MDL) and Nay Pyi Taw International Airport (NYT).
Major Airlines: Several international airlines operate flights to Myanmar, including Myanmar Airways International, Bangkok Airways, Singapore Airlines, and more.

With car or bus

Border Crossings: There are several land border crossings open to foreigners, notably with Thailand at Mae Sot/Myawaddy and Ranong/Kawthaung, and with India at Moreh/Tamu.
Visa Requirements: Ensure you have the appropriate visa, as Visa on Arrival may not be available at all land crossings.

By Sea

Cruise Ships: Occasionally, cruise ships dock at ports like Yangon. However, this is less common and typically part of a larger Southeast Asia itinerary.

Travel Tips

Visas: Most travelers need to obtain a visa before arrival, which can be done through an eVisa process for tourists.
Local Transport: Once in Myanmar, domestic flights, buses, trains, and boats are common ways to travel between regions.
Travel Restrictions: Always check for the latest travel advisories and restrictions, as political situations can affect entry requirements and available transportation options.

Visas for Myanmar

Tourist Visa

Duration: Typically valid for 28 days.
Application: Can be applied for online via the official eVisa portal or at a Myanmar embassy or consulate.
Processing Time: eVisa is usually processed within 3 business days.

Business Visa

Duration: Generally valid for 70 days.
Requirements: Letter of invitation from a registered company in Myanmar and company registration are often required.
Application: Available through the eVisa system or at an embassy/consulate.

Social Visit Visa

Purpose: For those visiting family members who are residents or citizens of Myanmar.
Duration: Usually valid for up to 28 days.

Visa on Arrival (VOA)

Availability: Limited to certain nationalities and typically for business purposes only.
Requirements: Supporting documents such as a letter of invitation, company registration, etc., may be needed.

Special eVisa

Pilgrimage eVisa: For religious visits.
Transit eVisa: For transit through Myanmar.

General Tips

Passport Validity: Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your date of entry.
Documentation: Have all required documents ready, including proof of return or onward travel.
Health Requirements: Some travelers may need proof of vaccination, depending on the current health regulations.
Check Latest Information: Always verify the latest visa requirements and travel advisories before planning your trip, as policies can change..

Best time to visit Myanmar

Cool Season (November to February)

Weather: Pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall.
Advantages: Ideal for sightseeing, outdoor activities, and attending festivals like the Taunggyi Balloon Festival.
Peak Tourism: This is the high season for tourism, so expect larger crowds and higher prices.

Hot Season (March to May)

Weather: Very hot, particularly in the central plains near Bagan and Mandalay.
Considerations: Good time for visiting the highland areas or the coast where it’s cooler.
Festivals: Thingyan Water Festival, marking the Burmese New Year, occurs in April.

Wet Season (June to October)

Weather: Monsoon rains, especially heavy in the coastal regions.
Advantages: Lush landscapes and fewer tourists. Lower prices for accommodation and travel services.
Travel Tip: Some rural areas may be inaccessible due to flooding.

Travel Tips

Book Early: During the cool season, it’s wise to book accommodations and transport well in advance.
Local Climate Variations: Research the specific regions you plan to visit as climate can vary significantly within the country.
Cultural Events: Check the calendar for local events and festivals that might enhance your experience.

Important Information

Capital – Naypyidaw

Territory – 676,579 km²

Currency – Kyat (MMK)

Time Zone – UTC+6:30 (MMT)

Population – 55,770,232

Demonym – Burmese / Myanma