Geographical position and Climate of Xinjiang
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is located in the far northwest of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over a vast area that borders eight countries: Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Elevation varies significantly, from the Turpan Depression, which is below sea level, to mountain ranges such as the Tian Shan, Kunlun, and Pamir mountains, with peaks reaching over 7,000 meters.
Xinjiang’s climate is characterized by its arid and semi-arid continental conditions, with significant temperature extremes due to its inland position and considerable elevation differences.
- Temperature Variations: There are large temperature differences between day and night, and summer can be extremely hot while winter can be bitterly cold, especially in the northern part.
- Precipitation: Generally low, with some areas like the Taklamakan Desert being particularly dry.
- Sunshine: The region enjoys high levels of sunshine year-round.
- Seasons:
- Spring: Can be short with rapid transitions; sandstorms may occur in desert areas.
- Summer: Hot, especially in the basins, with occasional heavy rains leading to flash floods in mountainous areas.
- Autumn: Generally pleasant with cooler temperatures and less wind.
- Winter: Cold to extremely cold, with snowfall common in the mountains but rare in the desert basins.
The geographical diversity of Xinjiang leads to varied local climates, from the harsh conditions of the Taklamakan Desert to the relatively milder climates found in the northern foothills of the Tian Shan range. Travelers should prepare accordingly for the specific areas they plan to visit within the region.
Best time to visit Xinjiang
The best time to visit Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is during the late spring to early fall, specifically from May to October. During these months, the weather is more temperate and suitable for travel and sightseeing. Here’s a seasonal breakdown:
- Late Spring (May to June): The temperature starts to warm up, making it comfortable for outdoor activities. The landscape begins to bloom, and there are fewer tourists before the peak season.
- Summer (July to August): This is the peak tourist season. The weather is warm, even hot in certain areas, which is ideal for exploring the region’s natural beauty, such as the Heavenly Lake (Tianchi) and the grasslands. However, be prepared for high temperatures if you plan to visit desert areas like the Taklamakan.
- Early Fall (September to October): Arguably the best time to visit, as the heat of the summer subsides and the crowds diminish. The weather is pleasant, and the autumn colors are spectacular, especially in the forested regions of the Tian Shan mountains.
Visiting outside of these recommended times can also be rewarding but comes with more challenges. Winters are harsh and cold, particularly in northern Xinjiang, which can limit travel and outdoor activities. However, winter sports are becoming increasingly popular in some parts of the region. If you’re interested in experiencing local culture, consider timing your visit to coincide with traditional festivals, keeping in mind that dates may vary each year based on the lunar calendar. Always check the latest travel advisories and weather forecasts when planning your trip to Xinjiang.
Travel to Xinjiang
Getting to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region can be done by air, train, or road, depending on your starting point and preferences:
By Air:
- Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport (URC): The main gateway to Xinjiang, with flights connecting to major Chinese cities and some international destinations.
- Other Airports: Xinjiang has several other airports in cities like Kashgar, Yining, and Hotan, offering domestic flights.
By Train:
- Extensive Rail Network: Trains connect Xinjiang with the rest of China, including long-distance services from cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway also connects Ürümqi with major cities along the Hexi Corridor.
- International Connections: There are international train services from Kazakhstan and other neighboring countries into Xinjiang.
By Road:
- Long-Distance Buses: Bus services link Xinjiang with surrounding provinces. The journey can be quite long due to the vast distances involved.
- Self-Drive: Adventurous travelers might choose to drive themselves. Be prepared for long distances and varying road conditions.
Within Xinjiang:
- Domestic Flights: Due to the large size of the region, flying can be a time-efficient way to travel between cities.
- Train and Bus: Extensive networks of trains and buses connect various parts of Xinjiang, although travel times can be lengthy.
- Car Rental: Renting a car with a driver is a popular option for flexibility and convenience, especially for visiting remote areas.
It’s important to plan your trip carefully, as distances in Xinjiang are significant, and some remote areas may have limited transportation options. Additionally, certain areas may require special permits for foreign travelers, so it’s advisable to check the latest regulations and work with a travel agency if necessary. Always stay informed about the current situation in Xinjiang, as access to some areas can be restricted due to various reasons.
Places to visit in Xinjiang
Important Information
Capital – Ürümqi
Largest City – Ürümqi
Territory – 1,664,897 km2
Population – 25,890,000
Time Zone – UTC+8 (CST)